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computed. Multiply M(x) by x , giving the polynomial
8.1.2.7 MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU)
This is the actual MAC payload. It is usually structured according to the individual frame
type. A description can be found in IEEE 802.15.4-2006, Section 5.5.3.2.
8.1.2.8 MAC Footer (MFR) Fields
The MAC footer consists of a two-octet Frame Checksum (FCS), for details refer to
Section 8.2 .
8.2 Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is characterized by:
? Indicate bit errors, based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of length 16-bit
? Uses International Telecommunication Union (ITU) CRC polynomial
? Automatically evaluated during reception
? Can be automatically generated during transmission
8.2.1 Overview
The FCS is intended for use at the MAC layer to detect corrupted frames at a first level
of filtering. It is computed by applying an ITU CRC polynomial to all transferred bytes
following the length field (MHR and MSDU fields). The frame check sequence has a
length of 16-bit and is located in the last two bytes of a frame (MAC footer, see Figure
8-2 ).
The Atmel AT86RF232 applies an FCS check on each received frame. The FCS check
result is stored in register bit RX_CRC_VALID (register 0x06, PHY_RSSI).
On transmission the radio transceiver generates and appends the FCS bytes during the
frame transmission. This behavior can be disabled by setting register bit
TX_AUTO_CRC_ON = 0 (register 0x04, TRX_CTRL_1).
8.2.2 CRC calculation
The CRC polynomial used in IEEE 802.15.4 networks is defined by
G 16 ( x ) ? x 16 ? x 12 ? x 5 ? 1
The FCS shall be calculated for transmission using the following algorithm:
Let
M ( x ) ? b 0 x k ? 1 ? b 1 x k ? 2 ? ? ? b k ? 2 x ? b k ? 1
be the polynomial representing the sequence of bits for which the checksum is to be
16
N ( x ) ? M ( x ) ? x 16
Divide N ( x ) modulo two by the generator polynomial, G 16 ( x ) , to obtain the remainder
polynomial,
R ( x ) ? r 0 x 15 ? r 1 x 14 ? ... ? r 14 x ? r 15
The FCS field is given by the coefficients of the remainder polynomial, R(x) .
Example:
Considering a five octet ACK frame. The MHR field consists of
0100 0000 0000 0000 0101 0110.
84
AT86RF232
8321A – MCU Wireless – 10/11
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